Markers of noun definiteness (normally termed "definite content articles") agree with the noun they modify. There are a minimum of ten articles in Wolof, a number of them indicating a singular noun, Some others a plural noun.
Authors differ in whether or not they indicate vowel harmony in producing, as well as whether they compose clitics as different terms.
The Latin orthography of Wolof in Senegal was established by federal government decrees involving 1971 and 1985. The language institute "Centre de linguistique appliquée de Dakar" (CLAD) is greatly acknowledged being an authority With regards to spelling regulations for Wolof.
In Wolof, verbs are unchangeable stems that can't be conjugated. To express various tenses or elements of an motion, personalized pronouns are conjugated ??not the verbs.
By way of example, the verb dem usually means "to go"; the temporal pronoun naa suggests "I already/undoubtedly", the temporal pronoun dinaa signifies "I'm shortly / I'll shortly / I are going to be before long"; the temporal pronoun damay indicates "I (am) routinely/normally".
The vowels of some suffixes or enclitics tend not to harmonize with previous vowels. Most often next vowels harmonize with them. That is definitely, they reset the harmony, as whenever they have been a separate term.
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In Urban Wolof, spoken in huge towns like Dakar, the article -bi is frequently applied to be a generic article when the particular article is not recognized.
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There won't be any ?�ATR analogs of the substantial vowels more info i u. They trigger +ATR harmony in suffixes whenever they take place in the foundation, but within a suffix, They could be clear to vowel harmony.
A speaker could Specific that an action absolutely took place prior to now by adding the suffix -(w)oon to the verb (in a very sentence, the temporal pronoun remains to be Employed in a conjugated kind combined with the previous marker):
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Wolof doesn't mark organic gender as grammatical gender: there is a person pronoun encompassing the English 'he', 'she', and 'it'.
?ࣹک�??? ا?ت? ک? خ??? دࣴ�??ت�?اࣵن�???? خࣹلَمْ�?ت�???ر? ??ا جࣴفْلَنْتࣹ ا?ک? ?????ࣹينْ�?ت�?تࣹ�??ک�??? ?ࣵلُ�??بࣷک�?
The very first syllable of text is pressured; very long vowels are pronounced with a lot more time but are not automatically stressed, as they are in English.
The next sentences may be made: Dem naa. "I go previously / I have now absent." ??Dinaa dem. "I will go before long / I am just planning to go." ??Damay dem. "I usually/consistently/Typically/am going to go."
Of your consonants inside the chart above, p d c k tend not to occur while in the intermediate or final placement, remaining replaced by f r s and zero, though geminate pp dd cc kk are frequent. Phonetic p c k do come about finally, but only as allophones of b j g as a result of closing devoicing. percent from the population speak Wolof as a primary language, it's got a disproportionate affect on account of its prevalence in Banjul, the Gambian money, in which seventy five per cent on the inhabitants use it as a primary language.
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States of your Wolof Empire Wolof is spoken by much more than ten million men and women and about 40 p.c (somewhere around 5 million individuals) of Senegal's population talk Wolof as their native language. Elevated mobility, and particularly the growth of the funds Dakar, produced the necessity for a typical language: these days, yet another 40 p.c on the population discuss Wolof being a second or acquired language.
Example: The verb dem suggests "to go" and cannot be adjusted; the temporal pronoun maa ngi implies "I/me, here and now"; the temporal pronoun dinaa suggests "I am soon / I'll before long / I will probably be soon".}